System error 58 has occurred. The specified server cannot perform the requested operation.
This was done via net use \\<ip>\share. Mounting the share via Windows Explorer yields nothing, just a long wait for nothing.
The fix for my case was to change Security Settings | Local Policies | Security Options | Microsoft network client: Digitally sign communications (always) to disabled. You have to reboot the machine for the changes to take effect.
References:
http://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/windows/en-US/5dd9991b-78e7-4fa3-b17c-366e4ae0092f/cant-connect-to-samba-from-windows-7-vista-xp-ok-many-popular-solutions-tried-without-success?forum=w7itpronetworking